Strychnos madagascariensis Poir.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Rimiti West, by Mutare to Birchenough Br. rd

Photo: Bart Wursten
Between Hot Springs Resort and Odzi R.

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Runde bridge, Mwenezi

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Synonyms:	Strychnos burtonii Baker Strychnos dysophylla Benth. Strychnos innocua Delile subsp. burtonii (Baker) Bruce & Lewis Strychnos innocua Delile subsp. dysophylla (Benth.) I. Verd. Strychnos quaqua Gilg Strychnos randiaeformis Baill.
Common names:	Black monkey-orange (English) Hairy-leaved monkey-orange (English) Shiny-leaved monkey-orange (English)
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Small tree, often multi-stemmed, unarmed but often with hard, knobbly dwarf spur-branchlets 1-3 cm long. Bark smooth, light grey. Leaves mostly clustered on the spur-branchlets, elliptic, obovate to almost circular, 2-10 cm long, shiny green above, often much paler below, somewhat leathery, 3-veined from near the base, velvety mostly on the veins beneath; margin usually entire, sometimes minutely scalloped or fringed with hairs; petiole 1-5 mm long. Flowers in 1-several few-flowered clusters in the leaf axils or on the old wood, greenish-yellow with a whitish fringe of hairs in the throat. Fruit Globose, up to 8 cm in diameter, hard-shelled, blueish-green but finally turning orange-yellow. Pulp orange and slimy, edible but not tasting very nice.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	madagascariensis: of Madagascar
Habitat:	In open deciduous woodland, riverine fringes and rocky koppies.
Flowering time:	Aug - Jan
Worldwide distribution:	Widespread From East Africa to South Africa and Madagascar.
Botswana distribution:	N
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 783. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 53. Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 34. Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Page 928. Under Strychnaceae (Includes a picture). Curtis, B.A. & Mannheimer, C.A. (2005). Tree Atlas of Namibia National Botanic Research Institute, Windhoek Page 539. Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 113. Under Strychnaceae Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 268. Kamumvuri, G. (ed.) (2004). Plants of Zimbabwe Report No. 1 National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Pages 31 - 32. (Includes a picture). Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. (1969). Loganiaceae of Africa VIII Strychnos III. Revision of the African species Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 69(1) Pages 160 - 170. (Includes a picture). Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. (1983). Loganiaceae (inc. Buddlejaceae) Flora Zambesiaca 7(1) Pages 363 - 365. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 58. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 100. Under Strychnaceae Schmidt, E., Lötter, M. & McCleland, W. (2002). Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park Jacana, Johannesburg, South Africa Pages 542 - 543. Under Strychnaceae (Includes a picture). Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 108. Under Strychnaceae Siebert, S. & Mössmer, M. (Editors) (2002). SABONET Southern Mozambique Expedition 2001; Provisional Plant Checklist of the Maputo Elephant Reserve (MER) and Licuati Forest Reserve (LFR) SABONET News 7(1) Page 26. Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 117. Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (1997). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Struik, South Africa Pages 250 - 251. (Includes a picture). Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (2013). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa (Second edition) Struik, South Africa Pages 298 - 299. Under Strychnaceae (Includes a picture).

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