Spermacoce senensis (Klotzsch) Hiern

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Domboshawa

Photo: Bart Wursten
Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve.

Photo: Bart Wursten
Mana Pools, by main road to camp

Photo: Bart Wursten
By road from Sinamatella to Mandavu Dam, Hwange NP

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Synonyms:	Borreria rhodesica Suesseng. Borreria scabra (Schumach. & Thonn.) K. Schum. Borreria scabra (Schumach. & Thonn.) K. Schum. Borreria senensis (Klotzsch) K. Schum. Diodia senensis Klotzsch Mitracarpum dregeanum Sond.
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Sparsely branched annual herb, up to 60 cm. Stems clearly 4-ribbed, covered in spreading white hairs. Leaves narrowly elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers in clusters at the nodes, white, funnel-shaped.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	senensis: from Sena on the Zambezi River in Mozambique
Habitat:	In a wide variety of habitats, including as a weed of road sides and other disturbed places.
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:	Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Namibia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.
Botswana distribution:	N,SE
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Saturday 3 October 2015
Literature:	Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 52. Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 33. Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 105. Heath, A. & Heath, R. (2009). Field Guide to the Plants of Northern Botswana including the Okavango Delta Kew Publishing Page 421. (Includes a picture). Kirby, G. (2013). Wild Flowers of Southeast Botswana Struik Nature, Cape Town South Africa Page 109. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 74. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 93. Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 99. Verdcourt, B. (1988). Rubiaceae, Part 1 Flora Zambesiaca 5(1) Page 182. Wild, H. (1955). Common Rhodesian Weeds Government of Rhodesia, Salisbury Page 57. as Borreria scabra (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Spermacoce senensis:

Our websites:

Flora of Burundi: Spermacoce senensis
Flora of Caprivi: Spermacoce senensis
Flora of Malawi: Spermacoce senensis
Flora of Mozambique: Spermacoce senensis
Flora of Zambia: Spermacoce senensis
Flora of Zimbabwe: Spermacoce senensis

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Spermacoce senensis
African Plant Database: Spermacoce senensis
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Spermacoce senensis
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Spermacoce senensis
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Spermacoce senensis
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Spermacoce senensis
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Spermacoce senensis
JSTOR Plant Science: Spermacoce senensis
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Spermacoce senensis
Plants of the World Online: Spermacoce senensis
Tropicos: Spermacoce senensis
Wikipedia: Spermacoce senensis